An adaptive compressive sensing method on hybrid-field channel estimation for a massive MIMO system

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Massive MIMO (Multiple-input-multiple output), crucial for 5 G and Beyond 5 G (B5G) networks, faces challenges with terahertz frequencies in B5G as the communication shifts from far-field to near-field. This shift disrupts traditional Massive MIMO channel estimation, leading to increased pilot overhead and limited performance. The current study used the hybrid-field orthogonal matching pursuit (HF-OMP) algorithm from the compressive sensing (CS) framework to estimate the channel with scatters from both far-field and near-field. The method, however, needs more flexibility regarding scatter location in the field of interest. Also, the usage of HF-OMP under a single measurement vector (SMV) scheme limits the overall performance of the existing method. To address these, we have proposed an adaptive hybrid-field simultaneous-OMP algorithm under multiple measurement vector (MMV) of the CS framework which selects multiple atoms having common support within a single iteration. This innovative approach tackles channel estimation for both far-field and near-field scatters while adapting to their varying distributions. Compared to classical methods, simulations show the new algorithm achieves up to a 14 % improvement in normalized mean square error within a 0 dB to 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio range. This translates to significant reductions in pilot overhead and enhanced channel reliability, paving the way for more efficient and robust wireless networks in the future.