Abstract
The use of smart antenna systems (SASs) in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) has been promoted as the best choice to improve spatial division multiple access (SDMA) and throughput. Although directional communications are expected to provide great advantages in terms of network performance, directional MAC (medium access control) protocols introduce several issues. One of the most known problems in this context is represented by the fact that, when attempting to solve or at least mitigate the problems introduced by these kinds of antennas especially at MAC layer, a large amount of energy consumption is achieved; for example, due to excessive retransmissions introduced by very frequently issue such as deafness and handoff. The expedients proposed in order to reduce these drawbacks attempting to limit beamforming time of nodes in cooperation with a round-robin scheduling can grant high performance in terms of fairness and throughput. However, the overall energy distribution in the network is not efficient due to static approach. In view of this, we propose adaptive beamforming time with round-robin MAC providing a dynamic assignment of the beamforming time with the aim to limit the waste of energy of nodes. The proposed approach provides benefits in terms of energy consumption distribution among nodes in sectorized antennas environments and, simultaneously, improves MAC packet performance.
Highlights
In the latest research studies, relating to wireless network environments, one of the most significant and, at the same time, critical issues is represented by the management of energy consumption of nodes that could highly limit the overall network performance with reference to protocols and application fields
We proposed an adaptive beamforming time with round-robin MAC approach with the goal to improve benefits in terms of energy consumption introduced by the employment of round-robin scheduling in directional antenna mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) contexts [24]
This work has been mainly motivated by the fact that, an round-robin approach is able to counteract main directional antenna issues that can usually occur at the MAC layer, the energy consumption distribution is not well distributed among sectors
Summary
In the latest research studies, relating to wireless network environments, one of the most significant and, at the same time, critical issues is represented by the management of energy consumption of nodes that could highly limit the overall network performance with reference to protocols and application fields. In order to meet energy efficiency requirements in directional high gain communications, it is not sufficient to consider to limit the most important source of waste of energy that is related to hardware resources, because issues introduced by directional communications are prone to degrade the battery life duration of mobile nodes and hardware operations [20,21]; in particular, in sectorized antennas environments, it should be advisable to control the maximum number of communications performed by nodes or to reduce beamfoming time, especially in data traffic exchange [22] In view of these considerations, in the present paper, we propose addressing the energy consumption issue by enhancing the works proposed in [23,24] using SASs along with a round-robin scheduling. The other goal is to demonstrate how, using a mechanism enhancing the channel resources exploitation, could lead to MAC performance improvement especially in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR)
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