Abstract
This paper presents a self-powered interface circuit to extract energy from ambient vibrations for powering up microelectronic devices. The circuit interfaces a piezoelectric energy harvesting micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) device to scavenge acoustic energy. Synchronous electric charge extraction (SECE) technique is deployed through the implementation of a novel multistage energy extraction (MSEE) circuit in 180 nm HV CMOS technology to harvest and store energy. The circuit is optimized to operate with minimum power losses when input power is limited, and adapts well to operating conditions with higher input power. The highly accurate peak detector was validated for a wide piezoelectric frequency range from 20 Hz to 4 kHz. A charging efficiency of about 84% has been achieved for 4.75 V open-circuit piezoelectric voltage excited at 390 Hz input vibration under nominal input power range of 30–80 μW. Power optimizations enable the circuit to maintain a conversion efficiency of 47% at input power level as low as 3.12 μW. MSEE provides up to 15% efficiency improvement compared to traditional SECE, and maintains power efficiency as high as possible for a wide input power range.
Highlights
P IEZOELECTRIC energy harvesters (PEH) have recently attracted interest as a solution for self-powered microelectronic devices, such as implantable microdevices and wireless sensor networks
This paper presents a poweroptimized Synchronous electric charge extraction (SECE) Interface circuit (IC) that improves the minimum required input power and frequency range of mechanical systems (MEMS) PEHs with low voltage output
An adaptable multistage energy extraction (MSEE) circuit has been proposed to enhance the efficiency of the circuit for wide range of inputs. 98% accuracy has been measured up to 4 kHz for peak detector circuit
Summary
P IEZOELECTRIC energy harvesters (PEH) have recently attracted interest as a solution for self-powered microelectronic devices, such as implantable microdevices and wireless sensor networks. Manuscript received January 17, 2018; revised April 8, 2018; accepted May 22, 2018. Date of publication June 13, 2018; date of current version February 5, 2019. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor B.
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