Abstract
The research presented in this paper documents the implementation of an active hybrid energy storage system that combined a battery pack and an ultracapacitor bank. The implemented hybrid energy storage system was used to reduce the peak-power that the battery needs to provide to the load. An active topology utilising two direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converters and a switch was used to implement the hybrid energy storage system. Fuzzy logic was used as a close-loop control structure to control the DC/DC converters in the topology, whilst a rule-based control strategy was used to control the operating states of the hybrid energy storage system. Experimental implementation of the system showed that the system was able to actively control the energy flow throughout the hybrid energy storage system in order to limit the power drawn from the battery to a user-defined limit. The performance of the fuzzy logic controllers was also experimentally found to be sufficient when used in conjunction with the rule-based control strategy. The system allows one to utilize batteries that are optimized for energy density seeing that the system was able to actively limit the power drawn from the battery, whilst providing the required power to the load by utilising the ultracapacitor bank.
Highlights
The popularity of electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EVs, HEVs) continues to grow due to growing consumer expectations and legislation to reduce the impact of fossil fuels on the environment.According to the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA), the share of electric cars in the European Union (EU) was around 30% higher in 2018 compared to 2017 [1]
This paper presents the design of an overhead controller for an active Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) utilizing fuzzy logic
This paper presents the design of an overhead controller an active utilizingsetup fuzzy controllers to control the direct current/direct current (DC/DC)
Summary
The popularity of electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EVs, HEVs) continues to grow due to growing consumer expectations and legislation to reduce the impact of fossil fuels on the environment.According to the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA), the share of electric cars in the European Union (EU) was around 30% higher in 2018 compared to 2017 [1]. The limiting factor in developing EVs that have comparable performance to that of internal combustion vehicles (ICEVs) is the energy storage system (ESS) used in the EV [2,3,4]. ESS in EVs due to their reliability and high energy density compared to other electrical energy storage devices. Electric vehicles (EVs) require a power and energy dense source in order to provide power during acceleration as well as store enough energy so that the vehicle has a sufficient range. EV designers often utilize batteries that are optimized for energy density, but in order for the battery pack to meet the power requirements of the vehicle, the size of the battery pack is increased, in order to increase the power capacity of the pack
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