Abstract
BackgroundAccurate measurement and reconstruction of orbital soft tissue is important to diagnosis and treatment of orbital diseases. This study applied an interactive graph cut method to orbital soft tissue precise segmentation and calculation in computerized tomography (CT) images, and to estimate its application in orbital reconstruction.MethodsThe interactive graph cut method was introduced to segment extraocular muscle and intraorbital fat in CT images. Intra- and inter-observer variability of tissue volume measured by graph cut segmentation was validated. Accuracy and reliability of the method was accessed by comparing with manual delineation and commercial medical image software. Intraorbital structure of 10 patients after enucleation surgery was reconstructed based on graph cut segmentation and soft tissue volume were compared within two different surgical techniques.ResultsBoth muscle and fat tissue segmentation results of graph cut method showed good consistency with ground truth in phantom data. There were no significant differences in muscle calculations between observers or segmental methods (p > 0.05). Graph cut results of fat tissue had coincidental variable trend with ground truth which could identify 0.1cm3 variation. The mean performance time of graph cut segmentation was significantly shorter than manual delineation and commercial software (p < 0.001). Jaccard similarity and Dice coefficient of graph cut method were 0.767 ± 0.045 and 0.836 ± 0.032 for human normal extraocular muscle segmentation. The measurements of fat tissue were significantly better in graph cut than those in commercial software (p < 0.05). Orbital soft tissue volume was decreased in post-enucleation orbit than that in normal orbit (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe graph cut method was validated to have good accuracy, reliability and efficiency in orbit soft tissue segmentation. It could discern minor volume changes of soft tissue. The interactive segmenting technique would be a valuable tool for dynamic analysis and prediction of therapeutic effect and orbital reconstruction.
Highlights
Accurate measurement and reconstruction of orbital soft tissue is important to diagnosis and treatment of orbital diseases
Orbital phantom computerized tomography (CT) image segmentation results Extraocular muscle calculation Every phantom dataset was repeatedly segmented by each observer using graph cut method
The muscle volume (MV) calculated the first time by orbital diseases (OA) was 3.7571 ± 0.0563 cm3, and the value obtained the second time was 3.8009 ± 0.0059 cm3
Summary
Accurate measurement and reconstruction of orbital soft tissue is important to diagnosis and treatment of orbital diseases. Ning et al BMC Ophthalmology (2019) 19:256 images [11,12,13] In this process, accurate discrimination of the target tissue and its boundary is the basic and the most important step to ensure the accuracy of subsequent quantitative analysis. Manual delineation of tissue by doctors is a traditional and standard approach in clinical practice. Due to the complicated structure and the small volume of orbit, as well as the unclear boundary of soft tissues in CT images, effective and precise segmentation of intraorbital fat and extraocular muscles remains a tough task [14, 18]
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