Abstract
Node location information with high accuracy is very important in many applications of wireless sensor networks. In addition, the nodes are power-limited, hence, we need to save energy to guarantee the operations of network. These two metrics positioning accuracy and energy consumption should be balanced, mean that one should improve them both at the same time. In this paper, we model the energy consumption of nodes in the network by using the carrier-sense multiple-access/collision-avoidance (CSMA/CS) technique in combination with request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send (CTS) mechanism based IEEE 802.11 protocol to perform the transmission process of nodes. Otherwise, based on the mathematical model of direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation error variance as a function of Received-Signal-Strength (RSS) we derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of achievable accuracy of the target node that jointly utilizes difference-received-signal-strength (DRSS) and DoA measurements to estimate location as the objective function of positioning error. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) optimization algorithm can effectively find the Nash Equilibrium or Pareto optimal solutions of our dual objective optimization problem. The results show a high performance in both localization accuracy and energy consumption of the proposed algorithm.
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