Abstract
Abstract Recently, sonochemistry has been used for the synthesis of inorganic compounds, such as zinc borates. In this study using zinc sulphate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) and boric acid (H3BO3) as starting materials, a zinc borate compound in the form of Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O was synthesized using an ultrasonic probe. Product’s characterization was carried out with using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Zinc borate compound’s chemical bond structure was observed with Raman and FTIR. From the XRD results it was seen that Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O can be quickly synthesized upon heating at 80°C and 85°C (55 min) or 90°C (45 min) in very high yield (>90%). The minimum particle size obtained was ~143 μm from the SEM results. Zinc borate compound was synthesized at a lower temperature in less time than other synthesized zinc metal compound in literature.
Highlights
We have studied the ultrasonic synthesis of zinc borates using zinc oxide (ZnO) and Zn5(CO3)2·(OH)6 as the starting materials (Ersan et al, 2016)
According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the as-synthesized compound was defined as “zinc oxide borate hydrate (Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O)” with the pdf No “00-035-0433” and was identical to that previously reported in the literature (Bardakci et al, 2013; Ersan et al, 2016; Kipcak et al, 2014, 2015, 2016; Vardar et al, 2017)
Zinc borate in the form of Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O was synthesized from various boron sources and ZnSO4·7H2O via a sonochemical synthesis method
Summary
Zinc borate (ZB) compounds are used in a wide range of applications in plastics, ceramics, electrical insulation, wood, wire, cement, pharmaceuticals, paint, and rubber. Several studies have been carried out towards the synthesis of zinc borate using a hydrothermal method. Nies and Campbell (1980) carried out the synthesis of zinc borate using sodium potasium tetraborate (K2B4O7) and zinc chloride, bromide, sulfate and nitrate as the starting materials at 95°C for 5.5, 6 and 24 h., respectively. Yumei et al (2006) obtained crystal and hydrophobic zinc borate nanodiscs using borax tetraborate decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O) and zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) via a hydrothermal method. Igarashi et al (2004) have synthesized zinc borate using a two-step reaction This involved heating boric acid (H3BO3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) at 60°C for 1.5 h. Ata et al (2011) have studied the synthesis of zinc borates using zinc oxide (ZnO) and boric acid (H3BO3) at 68-120°C, a rotating speed of 333-767 rpm over 60-200 min. Due to the high cost of the starting materials used these two studies with respect to ZnSO4·7H2O, this study’s novelty is the cheap and rapid synthesis’s of zinc borate by using the method of sonochemistry
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