Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cancer in the world. The long-term exposure of some metallic compounds induces different forms of cancer, including breast cancer. Trace elements are essential metals for the physiological functions of the cell on a molecular level and also contribute in treatment of many diseases. The aim of study was to compare the level of essential trace elements, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc in breast cancer patients with normal healthy adult women. Total forty-five patients (age range from 25 - 73 years) were included in this study and divided into three groups according to three different stages of breast cancer including tumor-II, tumor-III and tumor-IV. Blood was collected from all participants after taking history, clinical data and taking consent. However, about fifteen non-cancer healthy women in age range from 26 - 69 years were subjected to this study. The elemental concentrations were determined through atomic absorption spectrophotometer subsequent to microwave-induced acid digestion. The results of Na, K, Zn, Fe, Ca, were observed to decrease in blood samples of breast cancer patients as compared to non-cancer subjects. The results are reliable with other numerous literature reported studies, the efficiency, and deficiency of these trace metals may contribute an important role in the progress of breast cancer.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of female cancer mortality [1]
The aim of study was to compare the level of essential trace elements, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc in breast cancer patients with normal healthy adult women
The results are reliable with other numerous literature reported studies, the efficiency, and deficiency of these trace metals may contribute an important role in the progress of breast cancer
Summary
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of female cancer mortality [1]. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer accounts for 16% of cancer deaths globally. For the normal function of all living cells, potassium ion plays an important role in the normal nerve transmits, it is necessary to have K+ transfer via nerve cell membrane. The increased concentration of potassium ion or deficiencies can cause adverse effects in biological functions, such as heart function and electrocardiographic change, etc. In some other studies, it has been showed that there is a negative relationship between breast cancer risk and the dietary calcium intake [13]. Calcium is an important role in the proliferation of the cell This was seen in prone transgenic mice that have obesity which shows that low level of calcium diet impeded loss in body fat in other hand high calcium diets decreased fat accretion and gain in weight on diet causing obesity and considerably enhanced weight and loss in fat during a caloric restriction regiment. A very important rich source of bioactive compounds is milk that can act as synergistically with suppressed activity of 1, 25-di hydroxyl vitamin D3 to favorable effect nutrients portioning loss in fat and efficient metabolism [14]
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