An 1H NMR- and MS-Based Study of Metabolites Profiling of Garden Snail Helix aspersa Mucus.

Nikolay G Vassilev,Lyudmila Velkova,Pavlinka Dolashka,Miroslav Dangalov,Venceslav Atanasov,Aleksandar Dolashki,Svetlana D Simova

doi:10.3390/metabo10090360

Abstract

Metabolic profiling based on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied with the aim to investigate the functional role of the metabolites in lyophilized mucus from the garden snail Helix aspersa. Twenty metabolites were unambiguously identified by 1H, 1D TOCSY, 2D J-resolved, 2D COSY, and 2D HSQC NMR spectra with water suppression. The metabolic profiles of two fractions with low molecular weight (Mw < 1 kDa and Mw < 3 kDa) are very similar. Metabolites with known antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial activity were detected by NMR metabolic analysis of mucus samples from Helix aspersa. Some of them were confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis. The primary structure of several peptides was identified in low molecular weight fractions (Mw < 1 kDa) by tandem mass spectrometry.

Highlights

In the last 20 years, numerous research studies have focused on the isolation and characterization of active substances from different natural sources
molecular weight (Mw) < 3pathways kDa), which not by been studied so far. This is the present study,weight we focused on the profiling from the first reportInofthe low molecular metabolites identifiedofinlow themolecular mucus ofweight gardenfractions snails
The crude mucus extract was collected from the garden snail Helix aspersa and two fractions were obtained by ultrafiltration

Summary

Introduction

In the last 20 years, numerous research studies have focused on the isolation and characterization of active substances from different natural sources. The structure and properties of these substances have been analyzed by different modern methods, and the possibility of their application in different products has been established [9,10,11,12]. Both the mucus and hemolymph of snails are complex mixtures of peptides, glycopeptides, and proteins with diverse biochemical and pharmacological properties [2,3,4]. The hemolymph of Bulgarian garden snails Helix lucorum and Helix aspersa provides hemocyanins, which perform the same function as hemoglobin, namely, to carry oxygen to all cells in the body. In contrast to other hemocyanins, three isoforms (β-, αN- αD-HaH, and β-, αN- αD-HlH) with a molecular weight (Mw) of about 450 kDa were isolated from both hemocyanins Helix lucorum and Helix aspersa, respectively [7]

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion