Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the knowledge produced in national and international researches on speech and language disorders in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, regarding the type of research and approach in different areas. Methods: an integrative review performed on databases, using the following descriptors: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Dysarthria, Language Disorders, Speech Production Measurement and Speech Disorders. The inclusion criteria covered articles that addressed motor speech and language disorders from 2013 to 2018, excluding duplications, and categorizing valid articles for analysis. Results: 83 articles were selected, after screening the titles and abstracts. A large scientific production from different countries and areas, mainly Speech Therapy and Neurology, was found. Most of them was clinical research (65.06%), with a main focus on speech motor disorders (42.16%), speech and language motor disorders, cognition and behavior (27.71%), and language disorders (12.06%). Conclusion: researches found were mostly clinical and aimed at determining the diagnosis of disorders in different areas of knowledge. With regard to communication, few studies have been found in Brazil, and international studies addressed high technology. The results confirmed the heterogeneous nature of the disease, which shows, in addition to motor impairment of speech, cognitive, behavioral and language impairments.
Highlights
IntroductionSpeech motor disorders in individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) have been described over the years, with more intensity and frequency in those individuals who show bulbar onset symptoms[2,4]
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease that results in disorders in the motor skills, cognition and behavior, highlighting serious problems in the individuals functional skills, limiting his/her possibilities of social interaction[1,2,3].Speech motor disorders in individuals with ALS have been described over the years, with more intensity and frequency in those individuals who show bulbar onset symptoms[2,4]
The guiding questions of this research were the following: Which knowledge fields have been studying the ALS in relation to speech and language motor disorders? What is the analysis focuses and purposes of these studies in relation to such aspects? What is the panorama of Brazilian scientific production of this theme in relation to the international one?
Summary
Speech motor disorders in individuals with ALS have been described over the years, with more intensity and frequency in those individuals who show bulbar onset symptoms[2,4] They are present in more than 80% of the cases at some point of the disease, and 75-95% of patients lose their oral communication skills[5]. In the speech motor decline, evidence the impairment of all of its subsystems, especially breathing, phonation, articulation and resonance[2,6], and are noticed insofar as the intelligibility is reduced In advanced stages, it evolves with anarthria, which occurs approximately 18 months after the onset of bulbar disorders[4], interfering with the individuals social interactions, even with family members and close friends, requiring alternative communication systems[3] in order to keep the autonomy and life quality. 10% of patients show frontotemporal dementia[7]
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