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Abstract
Amylase polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster: haplotype frequencies in tropical African and American populations
Highlights
In spite of its domestic and cosmopolitan status, Drosophila melanogaster appears to be a species geographically highly differentiated; numerous genetic traits help to distinguish its allopatric populations
In the most recent study (Singh and Rhomberg, 1987) 61 polymorphic loci were considered in a worldwide sample of natural populations and the between population variation was estimated with the fixation index, F ST (Wright, 1951)
Assuming the generality of the duplication, as it has been demonstrated for laboratory stocks and natural populations (Levy et al, 1985; Gemmill et al, 1986; Langley et al, 1988), allelic frequencies were calculated and are given in table II
Summary
In spite of its domestic and cosmopolitan status, Drosophila melanogaster appears to be a species geographically highly differentiated; numerous genetic traits help to distinguish its allopatric populations (for reviews see Lemeunier et al, 1986 and David and Capy, 1988). Values ranged from 0.025-0.585 with an average of 0.091 t 0.130, an indication of a large overall amount of local differentiation This variability may be accounted for by climatic adaptations, since many loci exhibit latitudinal trends, by genetic drift related to the colonization history of the species (Lemeunier et al, 1986; David and Capy, 1988) and by a possible restricted dispersal capacity (Aquadro et al, 1988). Amylase polymorphism was generally not considered in such studies, since the structural duplication of the locus (Bahn, 1967) prevents an easy estimate of allelic frequencies It is, known that amylase loci exhibit high levels of polymorphism and large interpopulational variations (Hickey, 1979; Singh et al, 1982; Dainou et at, 1987). Recent investigations at a molecular level have shown that the 2 structural loci are expressed as an inverted duplication and are separated by only some 5 kb (Levy et al, 1985; Boer and Hickey, 1986; Doane et al, 1987): such a structure should result in a very low recombination rate between the 2 loci
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