Abstract
The design of optical systems capable of transforming one given input field into an output field which maximizes one prescribed merit function is discussed in the functional embodiment of the system, that is by dealing with transmission functions instead of structured matter. Customary beam shaping techniques are identified as a special case of a more general strategy which is called amplitude matching. This strategy makes use of the field quantities amplitude and phase and therefore it is a wave-optical design approach. The flexibility of the technique is demonstrated by various examples. Parameters like conversion efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio, distances between transmission functions, and the number of transmission functions necessary for the implementation of wave transformations are discussed.
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