Abstract
Amplification of waves due to coupling by space-charge fields between an electron stream and a wave-propagating medium is discussed in general. Coupling is expressed by a real coefficient or an imaginary one, the latter meaning delayed coupling. As for an electron stream, both cases are considered, either it flows in a vacuum or through a resistive medium. For these cases several patterns of wave amplification have been obtained. In these patterns are involved the traveling-wave tube, the double-beam amplifier, amplification of space-charge waves through beam-plasma interaction, and amplification of ultrasonic waves in the piezoelectric semiconductor. In addition, a variety of wave amplification phenomena would be possible by replacing the suitable physical processes for the generalized wave potential and the wave-propagating medium.
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