Amphiphilic DNA Organic Hybrids: Functional Materials in Nanoscience and Potential Application in Biomedicine.

Zhiyong Zhao,Feng Liang,Ting Du,Simin Liu

doi:10.3390/ijms19082283

Abstract

Due to the addressability and programmability, DNA has been applied not merely in constructing static elegant nanostructures such as two dimensional and three dimensional DNA nanostructures but also in designing dynamic nanodevices. Moreover, DNA could combine with hydrophobic organic molecules to be a new amphiphilic building block and then self-assemble into nanomaterials. Of particular note, a recent state-of-the-art research has turned our attention to the amphiphilic DNA organic hybrids including small molecule modified DNA (lipid-DNA, fluorescent molecule-DNA, etc.), DNA block copolymers, and DNA-dendron hybrids. This review focuses mainly on the development of their self-assembly behavior and their potential application in nanomaterial and biomedicine. The potential challenges regarding of the amphiphilic DNA organic hybrids are also briefly discussed, aiming to advance their practical applications in nanoscience and biomedicine.

Highlights

In nature, every life form possesses its own multi-level and ordered structure
Conclusions and Prospective from the nuclease degradation, enhanced the transfection rate and significantly attenuated the immune reaction, which implied that this approach would extend the application of DNA-based nanostructures in drug delivery
The recent development of amphiphilic DNA organic hybrids to construct various nanostructures and be utilized as vehicles in biomedicine were reviewed in this paper (Appendix A, Table A1)

Summary

Introduction

The highly functional nanostructures have attracted much research interest from chemists. These supramolecular structures are built from the self-assembly of nucleic acids, proteins, and other (macro)molecular building blocks through molecular recognition such as hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, π-π interactions, and other noncovalent interactions. Oligonucleotide could be functionalized with inorganic materials such as gold nanoparticles [11,12], organic molecules, and other biologic macromolecules like proteins [13]. The amphiphilic organic hybrids can be regarded as new building blocks, and spon[t1a4n].eoTuhesslye hayssdermopbhloebdicinmtolevcaurlieosuisncnluadneoslitpruidc,tuporerpshiynrianquanedoupsyrseonleu,tisoynt,hee.tgic., pspolhyemreicras,l amndicelles, nanodfiebnedrrso,nsb.ilTahyeerasm, pahnipdhivliecsoicrlgeasn.ic Bhyebcariudssecatnhebsee rceogmardpeodneans tnemwolbeuciuldleinsgcbalnockpso, sasnedssthinentrinsic functsipoonnatlaintye,osuusclyhaasssermedbolexd, pinhtootvoaprhioyussicnaaln, oasntdrubctiuorleosgiincaalqpureoopuesrstioelsu,titohne,ye.agf.f,osrpdhethriecarlamtioicnealllesd,esign of conmapnolefixbefursn, cbtiiolanyeinrst,o athned fivneaslicalesss.emBebclaieuss.e these component molecules can possess intrinsic foUufnnccottimilonpnloaelwxit,yfu,thnsucetcriheonahsianrvteoedotbhxee,epfnihnomatloaapsnhsyeymstiocbpalilie,csa.nredvbieiowlosgirceapl oprrtoepderatibeos,utht etyheaftfeorrmd tihnearlaftuionncatliodnesaiglinzation of DNA U[1n5t]i,l nwohwi,cthhemreahianvlye bienetnromdauncyetdopthiceresvoileiwds-prehpaosretesdyanbtohuetstihseatnerdmsinoalul ftuionncticoonualpizliantigonreoaf ction methDoNdsAfo[1r5]c,owvahliecnht mtearimnlyinianltrfoudnuccteiodntahleizasotiloidn-pohfasDeNsyAn,thaensdis aabnodutsotlhuetiopnrocgoruepslsinognreDaNctiAonblock copomlyemtheordss [f1o6r–c2o0v]a,lewnthtiecrhmsintaaltefduntchtieonsaylinzathtieosniso,f sDeNlf-Aa,ssaenmd bablyo,utanthde appropglriecsastioonn DoNf ADbNloAckblock copocloypmoelyrms.erHs o[1w6–e2v0e],r,wshmicahll smtatoeldectuhlee smynotdheifisiesd, sDelNf-aAsseamlsbolyc, aanndbeaprpegliacartdioend oafs DaNn Aamblpohckiphilic moleccouploelyamndersf.urHthowerevuenrd, esmrgaollsmupolreacmuloelemcoudlaifrieadssDeNmAblya.lsMo ocarneobveerr,etghaerddedevaesloapnmaemnpt hoifphthileicDNA blockmcoolpecoullyemanerdsfaunrtdheDrNunAd-edregnodsruopnrahmyoblreicduslahraassesexmpabnlyd. The breludecocloolrocrhianinthinedaicmatpehthipehDilNicADsNtraAndo.rganic hybrids indicates the organic molecule and the deep red color chain indicate the DNA strand

Small Molecules Modified DNA

Self-Assembly of Small Hydrophobic Molecule Modified DNA

Perylenediimide-Modified DNA

Other Small Hydrophobic Molecule-DNA Conjugates

Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic DNA-Dendron Hybrids