Abstract
A lactate electrode for practical extracorporeal monitoring has been produced, using lactate dehydrogenase retained over an H2O2 sensor. Soluble NAD+ cofactor was used, and phenazine ethosulphate (PES+) in solution permitted electron transfer from NADH to O2 to generate H2O2. The system was optimised using O2 electrodes, but was employed for blood with H2O2 detection to avoid effects due to variations in background pO2. At pH 9.8 in carbonate buffer containing 0.5 mM NAD+ and 1 mM PES+, the electrodes had sufficient stability and sensitivity to allow measurement of diluted whole blood. Calibration graphs were linearised over the range 0.01–0.5 mM lactate either by means of a square root concentration scale or by use of inverse coordinates. The response time in the extracorporeal flow system was slow (6–10 min), but this was found to be adequate to follow lactate rises during mild exercise.
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