Abstract
Over the past two decades, electrochemical biosensor devices have received great attention in the field of food analysis owing to their attractive performances. In the food industry the quality control during manufacturing process and final products requires quick and reliable analytical methods. A promising alternative to the traditional analytical techniques are the electrochemical enzymatic biosensors - devices that combine the robustness of electrochemical techniques with the specificity of biological recognition processes and offer great advantages due to size, cost, sensitivity, selectivity, and fast response. This brief review has attempted to summarise the literature on the recent progress in the development of enzyme biosensors with amperometric detection for quantitative analysis of glucose and lactate in various food samples. The review concludes with an outlook on the future challenges and perspectives in this area.
Highlights
In food analysis the majority of the electrochemical biosensors are based on the amperometric electrodes in combination with oxidases enzymes and it seems that these systems will continue to dominate the technology of commercial biosensors
We have summarised and discussed the recent development of enzyme-based amperometric biosensors for glucose and lactate and their applications in food industry
Biosensor system based on Lactate oxidase (LOx), immobilised on the surface of planar electrode modified with Prussian Blue and electropolymerised polypyrrole film, was applied in quality control of kvass.[96]
Summary
The development of reliable, sensitive and selective methods for fast, precise sensing and quantification of food ingredients and supplements,[1,2,3,4] toxicants,[5,6,7,8,9] antibiotics, and allergens,[10] is an issue of constantly increasing importance.[11,12,13,14,15,16] Recently, as a new direction of the analytical technology is distinguished the development of electrochemical enzymatic biosensors – complex systems that include an immobilised enzyme (bioelement) and a physical transducer of the signal which may be potentiometric or amperometric, as well as a device for signal reading and processing. The immobilisation procedure must be reproducible and stable to ensure extended working and long-time storage stability Factors such as accuracy of measurements, sensor-to-sensor reproducibility and operational lifetime are drastically influenced by enzyme stability, i.e. the enzyme immobilisation appears as a key factor to develop efficient biosensors with appropriate analytical performances.[38] the immobilisation matrix may function only as a support or may be concerned with mediation of the signal transduction mechanism.[31] A variety of enzyme immobilisation methods are applied including physical adsorption (van der Waals interactions or hydrogen bonding), covalent attachment, physical entrapment in polymer matrices, cross-link formation (the process uses bifunctional agent forming a “bridge” between protein and electrode surface; most often used cross-linker is glutaraldehyde), and self-assembly formed monolayer (long-chain alkylthiols, amines, or disulphides are used). The synergy between nanotechnology, biotechnology, and electronics, will have a pronounced influence on the development of new electrochemical biosensing devices in the foreseeable future
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