“Life Cycle Assessment of Geothermal Energy: preliminary overview of the Veresegyház geothermal system”

Abstract

Abstract : Geothermal energy is becoming increasingly important in the transition to low-carbon and sustainable energy sources. The present article explores the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the long-term sustainability of geothermal energy through the analysis of this sector’s impact from resource extraction to end-of-life in N-Hungary. This study undertakes a thorough investigation with the goal of synthesizing current knowledge, identifying the geothermal system in the vicinity of Veresegyház, N-Hungary and offering a coherent understanding of geothermal energy as well as the environmental sustainability, since that this town is a notable example of a smart and conscious local community that recognized and harnessed its geothermal energy potential. Veresegyház started using geothermal energy in 1993, it has become one of the largest urban geothermal heating systems in Hungary, showcasing ongoing advancements in geothermal energy utilization. The total installed thermal capacity of the system is nearly 13 MW. The geothermal energy provides about 74 TJ annually, what leads to saving almost 2.2 million m3 natural gas per year. The geothermal system is used for heating and domestic hot water purposes; besides it has a total installed thermal capacity of nearly 13 MW and an extensive geothermal pipeline stretching 18 km making it one of Hungary's most comprehensive geothermal systems. The aim in this article is to provide an insight into the geothermal technologies, exploring the appropriate methodology of life cycle assessment (LCA), and compare the results with previous studies. Key Words: Geothermal Energy, Renewable Energy, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Environmental Impact, Sustainability, Energy Transition, Case Studies, Policy, Carbon Footprint.