Abstract
.Objectives: To measure phosphorus metabolites in human parotid glands by 31P-MRS using three-dimensional chemical-shift imaging (3D-CSI), and ascertain whether this method can capture changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) levels due to saliva secretion. Study Design: The parotid glands of 20 volunteers were assessed by 31P-MRS using 3D-CSI on 3T MRI. After obtaining a first (baseline) measurement, the participants took vitamin-C tablets and measurements were obtained twice more, in a continuous manner. The peak area ratios of PCr and β-ATP were evaluated. Results: A high proportion of PCr (0.26 ± 0.08) and ATP (α: 0.16 ± 0.06; β: 0.27 ± 0.06; γ: 0.21 ± 0.03) was noted at baseline. A significant decrease in β-ATP was observed between baseline (“pre”; 0.27 ± 0.06) and the first scan after vitamin-C stimulation (“post-1”; 0.19 ± 0.07, p Conclusions: 31P-MRS with 3D-CSI can assess the major phosphorus metabolites in human parotid glands and capture changes in their levels due to saliva secretion. This technique is simple, non-invasive, and provides new information regarding saliva secretion.
Highlights
The two parotid glands are the largest of the human salivary glands
Creatine phosphokinase has been purified from the submandibular glands of rats [16]. These findings indicate the existence of the Lohmann reaction in the salivary gland, in which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is regenerated by transphosphorylation from PCr to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Nine peaks were depicted in the 31P-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) spectrum (Figure 1)
Summary
The two parotid glands are the largest of the human salivary glands. They secreteDOI: 10.4236ojmi.2020.101004 Feb. 26, 2020DOI: 10.4236ojmi.2020.101004 saliva via the parotid duct into the oral cavity to facilitate mastication and swallowing. The two parotid glands are the largest of the human salivary glands. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) is a non-invasive technique that provides useful information regarding the metabolic and phosphoenergetic status of human tissue, in both physiological and pathological conditions [2] [3]. In addition to the information contained within static spectra, dynamic 31P-MRS has been used to assess changes in the levels of phosphorus metabolites [4] [5] [6]. For the past three decades, 31P-MRS studies have been conducted using human tissues (e.g., muscle, heart, liver, brain); most studies on the salivary glands have been carried out in vitro in animal experiments [9]-[14], and only one study of static spectra in human parotid glands has been published [15]
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