Abstract
Quassia undulata is a plant that belongs to the Simaroubaceae family. In Africa, it occurs in the wooded savannah from Senegal in the west to the Central African Republic in the east. The seeds from the plant are very rich in oil. The traditional extraction of this oil involves a phase of boiling the powder from the seeds in a decoction of Piliostigma thonningii leaves. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the impact of Piliostigma thonningii leaves on the extraction yield, to assess the phytochemical profile of seeds and oilcake and, to determine the nutritional value of the cakes obtained after extraction. Thus, the traditional extraction of oil was carried out in the laboratory and physico-chemical and phytochemical analyses were carried out on the water decoction, the oil and, the oilcake. The results showed that the traditional extraction gives a low extraction yield (5.18% with PD and 6.12% without PD) compared to the Soxhlet extraction (56.9%). On the other hand, it was found that oil obtained by traditional extraction in the presence of Piliostigma thonningii leaves was of better physicochemical quality. Finally, oilcake very rich in proteins (36.71% - 42.69%) and mineral elements (110.9 - 152.33 mg/100g of calcium, 544.75 - 620.77 mg/100g of Potassium and 331.11 - 459.68 mg/100g of Magnesium) justify their use in human food. However, investigations should point to the impact of this traditional technique on the elimination of quassinoids, toxins and antihelminth compounds present in the seeds.
Highlights
The species Quassia undulata (Q. undulata), in Africa, occurs in the wooded savannah and is a small tree that can grow up to 8 m high [1]
The aim of this study is to determine the impact of Piliostigma thonningii leaves on the extraction yield, to assess the phytochemical profile of seeds and oilcake and, to determine the nutritional value of the cakes obtained after extraction
The traditional way, carried out at the laboratory gave a yield of 6.12% with P. thonningii decoction (PD), and 5.18% without P. thonningii decoction
Summary
The species Quassia undulata (Q. undulata), in Africa, occurs in the wooded savannah and is a small tree that can grow up to 8 m high [1]. Q. undulata belongs to the Simaroubaceae family [2] which includes 32 genera distributed in 170 species of trees and shrubs exclusively distributed in the tropics and subtropics [3]. The bitter taste of all the parts of the plants of this family constitutes one of their botanical identification criteria. These molecules, mainly quassinoids, are taxonomic markers of Simaroubaceae [3] [4]. The oil from the seeds of Q. undulata is a good raw material for the production of high quality biodiesel [6] that is still extracted traditionally [7]. In Africa, the traditional way of extracting oil is mainly a mixture of water and powdered seeds. The aim is to determine the nutritional value of the oilcakes after extraction
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