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Abstract
A bi-phasic scaffold consisting of a columnar formaldehyde-acetalized polyvinyl alcohol (PVF) sponge and a cylindrical porous hydroxyapatite (HA) with a hollow center was devised. Rat bone marrow cells (rBMCs) were seeded into the sponge placed in the hollow center of the cylindrical porous HA. The bi-phasic scaffold, a cylindrical porous HA and a PVF sponge separated from a bi-phasic scaffold after rBMC seeding, and a PVF sponge without rBMCs as a negative control, were implanted for 6 weeks into rat dorsal subcutaneous tissue. In each construct, bone formation was examined histologically and osteocalcin was measured immunochemically. Bone formation was observed in the bi-phasic scaffold and also in the cylindrical porous HA isolated from the bi-phasic scaffold. A significant difference in the quantity of osteocalcin was observed between the bi-phasic scaffold and the isolated cylindrical porous HA. No bone formation was found in the isolated PVF sponge. The bi-phasic scaffold as an outer layer of the scaffold seemed to inhibit the outflow of rBMCs from the PVF sponge. This type of bi-phasic scaffold may have two specific characteristics: Attachment of cells both in PVF sponge and cylindrical porous HA.
Highlights
Pluripotent stem cells are widely considered to contribute to tooth regeneration
Bone formation was recognized by representative optical microscope images after subcutaneous implantation of the cylindrical porous HA that had been separated with the sponge from the bi-phasic scaffold (Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b))
No bone formation was observed in Rat bone marrow cells (rBMCs)-seeded sponges that were removed from the bi-phasic scaffolds before implantation (Figure 4)
Summary
Pluripotent stem cells are widely considered to contribute to tooth regeneration. In order to use these cells for tooth regeneration in dentistry, additional studies. The use of a scaffold for tooth regeneration is essential because the structure of a tooth is three-dimensional. It has been reported that porous hydroxyapatite (HA) is suitable as a scaffold for bone regeneration [4] [5]. It has been reported that porous HA is suitable as a scaffold for bone regeneration [4] [5]. HA may be suitable as a scaffold for regeneration of a missing or partially defective tooth
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