Abstract
Bioremediation of crude oil is quite unique, complex and relatively a slow process. They study area for this research work was a cottage industry located in Orumba North local government area of Anambra state, Nigeria. Evaluating the degradation potential of bacterial isolates from palm oil mill effluent on crude oil was conducted using standard methods, which includes screening, inoculums development and degradation studies to assess the most promising hydrocarbon degraders. Pooled samples collected from different points on the palm oil mill effluent disposal channels were inoculated mineral salt medium containing crude oil to assess degradation abilities of different bacterial species. Data indicated that these bacterial isolates were capable of thriving in the mineral salt medium between the pH range of 6.0-7.0 and bacterial proliferation were quantified by assessing the total viable count which ranged between 2 x 105-9 x 105 cfu/ml based on individual abilities to utilize crude oil as a sole carbon source. Cultural, morphological and biochemical characterizations were conducted on these isolates and Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology was used to suggest possible isolates, while molecular identification was done Centre for Agriculture and biosciences International (CABI), UK using partial 16S rDNA sequencing analysis and FASTA algorithm with prokaryote database from EBI. Escherichia fergosonii, Klebsiella variicola and Microccocus luteus were identified. Gas chromatographic analysis was applied to quantify the extent of degradation of crude oil by the isolates. All the isolated bacterial species displayed varying degree of crude hydrocarbon biodegradation.
Highlights
Crude oil is the major source of energy for industry and daily activities
Bacterial cell proliferation was quantified by assessing the total viable count which ranged from 2x105-9x105 cfu/ml
Three bacterial isolates were identified on the basis of their cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization and with reference to Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology (Table 1)
Summary
Crude oil is the major source of energy for industry and daily activities. Crude oil has been known to belong to the carcinogenic and neurotoxic family of organic pollutants. Accidental leakages and spillages occur at regular intervals during the exploration, production, refining, transportation and storage of crude oil. The amount of natural crude oil seepage was estimated to be 600,000 metric tons per year with a range of uncertainty of 200,000 metric tons per year [1]. Biodegradation of crude oil in natural ecosystem is a very slow and complex process thet requires the microbial transformation into a toxic and approximately non-toxic for as well as utilization as a biosynthetic substance [2]. Crude oil contaminated environments loose it fertility and agricultural seeds/plants loose viability. Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated environments has been very reliable due to the exposure of certain oil tolerant microbial species with biodegradable potentials or genetically modified for efficiency targeted towards oil utilization [4]. This research work is designed at determining the crude oil degrading bacterial isolates from palm oil mill effluent, examining the most suitable bacterial strain (s) to serve as
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