Abstract
Background: Yeasts from the genus Cryptococcus (species C. neoformans and C. gattii) are opportunistic pathogens that afflict humans with low immunity caused by diseases such as AIDS or by the usage of immunosuppressive drugs. It is a fatal disease that has been studied around the whole world and its most fatal form is the brain cryptococcosis. Purpose: The present review describes the disease from pathogen isolation, the various clinical presentations of the disease, the most important virulence factors of yeast in human and animal model and their clinical issues. Methods: On this review, several published studies about the disease are presented. Results: Numerous researches have been done worldwide in order to find a kind of therapy that is more effective against the disease. Amphotericin B, in all forms is still the drug of choice in the treatment of the cryptococcosis. Fluconazole, as well as voriconazole in combination with amphotericin B, is recommended in the cases of treatment failure. Conclusion: This study presented has elucidated a little more about the disease. Further studies should be conducted to find more diagnoses that are accurate as well as more effective treatments for eradicating the disease. In this study, the bibliographic survey makes reference to the world literature; with regard to ecology, taxonomy, mains factors related to virulence, the clinical manifestations, the action of antifungal drugs and histopathological analysis used in an animal model, were the objectives deleterious aspects of this study, thus informing, in a simple way, the importance of this microorganism for research and researchers working with this global disease, called Cryptococcosis.
Highlights
The present review describes the disease from pathogen isolation, the various clinical presentations of the disease, the most important virulence factors of yeast in human and animal model and their clinical issues
Apr. 24, 2020 the world literature; with regard to ecology, taxonomy, mains factors related to virulence, the clinical manifestations, the action of antifungal drugs and histopathological analysis used in an animal model, were the objectives deleterious aspects of this study, informing, in a simple way, the importance of this microorganism for research and researchers working with this global disease, called Cryptococcosis
Voriconazole associated with Amphotericin B in murine model, with fluconazole resistant strains is effective in the treatment of experimental cryptococcosis, significantly reducing the isolation of yeast in the lungs and brains of these animals, as well as increasing their survival [44]
Summary
There has been significant progress in the ecological distribution, as well as in the population genetics, in molecular epidemiology and in the clinical characteristics of Cryptococcus genus [1]. Church towers in metropolitan areas are large habitats of pigeons, facilitating the spread of microorganism propagules [2] [3]. Cryptococcus neoformans are usually found in places of a high concentration of people such as, urban areas [2] [4]. Trees of the genus Eucalyptus spp., as well as pigeons present in some specific places, such as nursing homes and hospitals, should be considered main risk factors for the immunocompromised population [5]
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