Abstract
Today, the fight against global warming is a major challenge for the whole world. The widespread use of biofuels is indeed one of the credible alternatives that can lead to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to promote the fruits of the desert date in bioenergy. The various treatments showed that the fruits are composed of 52.67 ± 0.18% of nuclei, 40.08 ± 0.50% of mesocarps and 7.26 ± 0.33% of epicarps and other solid particles. From the mesocarps, bioethanol was produced with a yield of 14.74 ± 0.06%; while by Soxhlet extraction of almonds with hexane gave a vegetable oil with a yield of 44.58 ± 5.69%. The monitoring of the ethanolic fermentation reaction, carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts revealed that a pH of 4.0 optimized the reaction, with an attenuation limit of 54.17%. GC-FID analysis showed that other reactions which should compete with ethanolic fermentation, were almost inhibited by the effectiveness of the kinetic control. GC-FID analysis of the chemical composition of the biodiesel produced with the crude oil has showed the presence of oleic acid (41.90%), linoleic acid (29.27%), palmitic acid (12.47%), β-linolenic (10.89%) and stearic (1.17%). Physicochemical analysis and the comparison of energy characteristics indicated that the biofuels produced in this study have properties similar to those of petrodiesel and some standard biofuels. Therefore, the fruits of Balanites aegyptiaca are an interesting source of liquid biofuels that can replace petrol and conventional diesel, the most used fossil fuels in transportation.
Highlights
This very appreciable level of mesocarps contained in these fruits represents the fraction rich in fermentable sugars which can be recoverable in bioethanol by the controlled reaction of the alcoholic fermentation
To preserve this sweet fraction, the juice must be first sterilized to avoid a potential risk of spontaneous alcoholic fermentation
Bioethanol was produced from fruit mesocarps by the controlled alcoholic fermentation reaction using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts
Summary
Nowadays, the use of renewable energies is a general interest and no longer a voluntary desire at a time when the use of petroleum and its derivatives its derivatives on a large scale is inducing environmental pollution and global warming [1,2,3,4,5]. It is poor countries that are paying the heavy costs for the dramatic consequences of air pollution and global warming, while big polluters, such as the USA and China, do not currently feel concerned about commitments to undertake and meet to slow down the GHG emissions. To prevent the perverse effects of air pollution and climate change and their harmful consequences on the environment from and becoming worse and becoming absolutely unmanageable, more and more voices are being raised to find partial or definitive solutions to these problems. This work was initiated with the main objective of
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