Abstract
Nowadays, it is greatly concerning the harmful effects provoked over the environment and citizens by the urban pollution of NOx (NO + NO2) gases. With the aim to remediate this problem, photocatalytic Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) have been applied recently to remove these pollutants (De-NOx action) directly from the air. In this work, Ni2+Ti+4 -LDH with the interlayer anion carbonate have been synthesized by the coprecipitation method (NiTi-LDH). In addition to this preparation procedure, a treatment, AMOST (Aqueous Miscible Organic Solvent Treatment) has been applied to the samples in order to increase its surface area and particle dispersion (NiTi-AM samples). Moreover, two Ni/Ti ratios have been prepared to examine its effect on the De-NOx performance. The samples were characterized in order to study its structure, porosity, morphology, and optical properties. The obtained results showed that the NiTi-AM chemical structure did not change after the AMOST, but they showed a high increase of the delamination degree, leading to high specific surface area values. The photocatalytic De-NOx performance increases in those samples with higher amount of Ti (Ni/Ti = 2/1) and those subjected to the AMOST process. This process had more effect on the Ni/Ti = 3/1 ratio samples exhibiting improved photoactivity (≈ 10 %) compared to those samples prepared by conventional method. The enhanced De-NOx performance was associated to the higher number of LDH nanosheets, which increases the number of actives sites accessible to the reactant molecules.
Highlights
Nowadays, it is greatly concerning the harmful effects provoked over the environment and citizens by the urban pollution of NOx (NO + NO2) gases [1].With the aim to remediate this problem, photocatalytic Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) have been applied recently to remove these pollutants (De-NOx action) directly from the air [2]
- Pure LDH phases. - Decreased crystallinity of NiTi-AM samples compared to NiTi-LDH, is indicative of less stacking of the LDH sheets. - Interlayer distance of NiTi-LDH d003 = 7.8 Å (CO32- anion). - NiTi-AM samples showed an increase in basal spacing with respect to NiTi-LDH, that been possibly caused by the incorporation of ethanol molecules into the interlayer space
- Isotherm type shift: from type II (NiTi-LDH) to type IV (NiTi-AM). - The water molecules adsorbed on the LDH are replaced by ethanol molecules
Summary
It is greatly concerning the harmful effects provoked over the environment and citizens by the urban pollution of NOx (NO + NO2) gases [1].With the aim to remediate this problem, photocatalytic Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) have been applied recently to remove these pollutants (De-NOx action) directly from the air [2]. With the aim to remediate this problem, photocatalytic Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) have been applied recently to remove these pollutants (De-NOx action) directly from the air [2]. LDHs have a type-brucite structure consisting of sheets of metal hydroxications, while the interlaminar space contains certain inorganic or organic anions. To avoid the characteristic stacking of LDH, O'Hare et al have devised a treatment (AMOST, Aqueous Miscible Organic Solvent Treatment) consisting of replacing the interlaminar water molecules of the LDH structure with molecules of an organic solvent.
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