Abstract

Amniotic fluid embolism remains a devastating and incompletely understood phenomenon of acute cardiopulmonary collapse and coagulopathy in labor and immediate postpartum period not explained by other diagnoses. It is rare in the general population but is a relatively frequent cause of maternal death and long-term neurologic deficit. Diagnosis should rely on the presence of classic clinical findings and not histopathologic findings of squamous cells in the vasculature of the deceased. Management relies on quick and aggressive support measures and advanced cardiac life support in cases of cardiac arrest. Coagulopathy and hemorrhage is best managed with massive transfusion protocols. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables and 65 references Key Words: amniotic fluid, amniotic fluid embolism, anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy; massive transfusion, maternal cardiac arrest, obstetric hemorrhage, pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, respiratory distress

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