Abstract
Malaysia is a country where the death penalty is still present and frequently practiced. It is due to different understandings of the death penalty itself. The absence of the Malaysian government in various international human rights treaties also increases unfair trials on death row inmates. The high number of death row inmates in Malaysia represents a severe human rights violation. The abolition of the death penalty is one of the current global human rights agendas. It goes against the right to live regulated by various international human rights instruments, such as the ICCPR (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) and the Declaration of Human Rights. One of the INGOs actively advocating the abolition of the death penalty in Malaysia is Amnesty International. This study looks at Amnesty International’s transnational advocacy tactics in encouraging the death penalty abolition in Malaysia from 2015 to 2018. The method used is descriptive research by collecting primary and secondary data and using transnational advocacy networks by Keck and Sikkink. The results of this research show that the efforts used by Amnesty International in this advocacy include information politics, symbolic politics, leverage politics, and accountability politics.
Highlights
Malaysia is a country where the death penalty is still present and frequently practiced
Hak hidup diatur dalam Declaration of Human Rights atau Deklarasi Hak Asasi Manusia (DUHAM) Pasal 3 yakni “everyone has the rights to life, liberty and security of person” (Siswanto, 2009)
Penerapan hukuman mati di Malaysia ini tentunya bertantangan dengan hak asasi manusia (HAM) internasional, yang terdapat dalam Declaration of Human Rights Pasal 3 yang menyatakan bahwa “everyone has the rights to life, liberty and security of person”
Summary
Penulis menggunakan dua studi terdahulu yang menjadi referensi utama penulis. Transnational advocacy network akan muncul ketika : (1) saluran antara kelompok domestik dan pemerintah di suatu negara diblokade atau tidak bisa diakses atau adanya saluran yang tidak efektif dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah;(2) aktivis atau pelaku politik percaya bahwa perluasan jaringan – jaringan akan dapat melanjutkan misi-misi maupun kampanye mereka dan juga akan mempromosikan jaringan yang lebih banyak lagi;(3) konferensi dan bentuk-bentuk lain dari koneksi internasional membuat arena untuk membentuk dan memperkuat jaringan (Keck dan Sikkink, 1999). Sedangkan moral leverage ialah usaha jaringan advokasi transnasional untuk memperoleh dukungan moral dari aktor yang lebih powerful dalam melakukan shaming/mobilization of shame terhadap perilaku aktor target dan mengangkat isu yang diadvokasi menjadi perhatian internasional.
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