Abstract
Ammoxidation of 3-picoline to nicotinonitrile was investigated on vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO), VPO/SiO 2 and additive atom (Cu, Zr, Mn and Co) incorporated VPO catalysts under atmospheric pressure and at 673 K. For the purpose of comparison a conventional V 2 O 5 -MoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 catalyst was also studied under identical conditions. These catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, electron spin resonance, infrared, ammonia chemisorption and BET surface area methods. The VPO-based catalysts show better performance than the V 2 O 5 -MoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Further, the VPO/SiO 2 and VPO catalysts exhibit better conversion and product selectivities than the additive-containing VPO catalysts. Better activity of VPO and VPO/SiO 2 catalysts was related to their high active surface area, higher surface acidity and lower oxidation state of vanadium. The redox couple between (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 (V 4+ ) and α I -VOPO 4 (V 5+ ) phases appears to be responsible for the ammoxidation activity of VPO catalysts.
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