Ammonium toxicity in eelgrass Zostera marina

Abstract

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 157:159-173 (1997) - doi:10.3354/meps157159 Ammonium toxicity in eelgrass Zostera marina M. M. van Katwijk*, L. H. T. Vergeer, G. H. W. Schmitz, J. G. M. Roelofs Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands *E-mail: mvkatwyk@sci.kun.nl Seagrasses are declining all over the world, resulting in a substantial loss of biodiversity, coastal sediment stabilization and nursery areas of economically important fish. The seagrass decline has often been associated with increasing eutrophication of coastal areas. We tested possible toxic effects of high nitrogen concentrations in the water layer on the seagrass Zostera marina L., which is often the sole higher plant inhabiting coastal zones in the northern hemisphere. Plants grown in either mud or sand were subjected to various water ammonium and nitrate concentrations, whereby ammonium and nitrate supply were balanced (both 25 µM or 75 µM), or unbalanced (ammonium 125 µM and nitrate 25 µM, and vice versa). We used 2 temperatures, 15 and 20°C. Analyses were made after 2 and 5 wk of exposure. In an additional experiment, 9 µM ammonium and 3 µM nitrate were supplied. An ammonium concentration of 125 µM in the water layer was toxic for Z. marina: the plants became necrotic within 2 wk. After 5 wk, plants in all treatments except for the 9 µM treatment were either necrotic or had died. This suggests that toxicity occurs at ammonium concentrations as low as 25 µM. Nitrate treatment had no effect. Ammonium toxicity effects were more pronounced in plants grown on sand and at the higher temperature. It is argued that the ammonium toxicity effects on Z. marina are expected to be strongest in autumn when irradiance decreases, temperature is still high, and ambient ammonium concentrations rise. Zostera marina · Seagrass · Ammonium toxicity · Eutrophication · Nitrogen · Ammonium · Nitrate Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 157. Publication date: October 16, 1997 Print ISSN:0171-8630; Online ISSN:1616-1599 Copyright © 1997 Inter-Research.