Abstract
When biochar made from waste pallet was added to treated livestock wastewater, the total nitrogen and ammonium ion concentrations decreased, with removal rates over 10 days of about 60% and 30%, respectively. Bacteria were isolated with high ammonium removal ability and they were identified based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Anaerobic denitrifying Cronobacter spp. was isolated from the biochar used for water purification. When each strain was cultured in a liquid medium containing ammonium sulfate (initial ammonium concentration 30 mg/L), the highest ammonium removal rates were 83.8% - 96.5%. Organic acids were more effective than carbohydrates as sole carbon sources for nitrogen removal from wastewater. The absorbance at 660 nm increased with nitrogen removal, indicating that cells proliferated, so it was presumed that ammonium was taken up by assimilation.
Highlights
Livestock wastewater is treated by the activated sludge process and the effluent is discharged into public water areas, but it still contains high nitrogen concentrations and contributes to water pollution
Bacteria were isolated with high ammonium removal ability and they were identified based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences
The effect of charcoal was determined by monitoring the changes in Total nitrogen (TN) and color when charcoal was added to the livestock wastewater and incubated for 10 days (Figure 3)
Summary
Livestock wastewater is treated by the activated sludge process and the effluent is discharged into public water areas, but it still contains high nitrogen concentrations and contributes to water pollution. The most common post-treatment of activated sludge-treated wastewater is further nitrification-denitrification treatment (secondary treatment). The characteristics of bacteria capable of aerobic denitrification by catabolism and assimilation have been reported [2] [3] [4] [5]. In these studies, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was an important parameter affecting denitrification. The denitrification function can be confirmed for the microorganisms supported on biochar and when the organic matter derived from biochar is used, it is effective in supporting denitrification under conditions where there is little organic matter
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