Ammonium- and Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquid: Green and Reusable Catalysts

Abstract

Recently, the use of ionic liquids (ILs) attracted an increasing interest in the field of organic synthesis because of its mild reaction condition, negligible vapor pressure, solvating ability, and easy recyclability. ILs are used as green reaction media due to their unique chemical and physical properties such as non-volatility, noninflammability, thermal stability, and controlled miscibility. Today, they have a wider scope, playing significant role in reactions as a solvent as well as catalyst. Several reactions have been recently reported using ILs as reaction media and rate enhancers. In chemical and pharmaceutical industries, there is always a demand for the development of more environmental friendly organic reaction methodologies using nonhazardous catalysis. Organic transformations using IL are gaining much attention due to simplified product isolation, mild reaction conditions, and high selectivity. ILs have received great attention in the past few years due to their broad range of potential uses and minimized use of hazardous chemicals by replacing the traditional organic solvents.