Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria play an important role in nitrification of acidic soils: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Our knowledge of the abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) has substantially expanded over the past decade, but their relative contributions to soil nitrification remain debated, particularly at a global scale. Nitrification inhibitor 1-octyne is the only available selective inhibitor that can exclusively inhibit AOB but not AOA activity, making it a powerful tool to differentiate the functional importance of AOB vs AOA in nitrification. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of laboratory incubation studies with 1-octyne as the nitrification inhibitor to display a panoramic view of the relative contribution of AOB in soil nitrification across various terrestrial ecosystems. The most pronounced reduction of nitrification rates by 1-octyne was found in cropland (71.4%), followed by grassland (59.6%), forestland (53.2%) and wetland (44.0%), indicating a more dominant role of AOB over AOA in upland soils than in wetland soils. The response ratio of soil nitrification rates with 1-octyne addition to that without 1-octyne addition was negatively correlated to soil pH in upland soils, suggesting that a greater proportion of nitrification was inhibited by 1-octyne with higher soil pH. However, the reduction of nitrification rate by 1-octyne was estimated to be 59.5% in acidic soils (pH ≤ 6.5), indicating a major role of AOB in acidic soil nitrification. The proportion of nitrification rate reduced by 1-octyne was greater in soils incubated in slurry and with nitrogen additions than in microcosm and without nitrogen additions, and this should be taken into consideration during the incubation experiments. Altogether, this meta-analysis provides evidence for an equally or more important role of AOB in nitrification from global acidic soils, advancing our understanding of the microbial nitrification process, which is fundamental to the sustainable management of nitrogen in soils.