Abstract

Sum frequency generation (SFG) is used to obtain the vibrational spectrum of aqueous ammonia solution. The SF spectrum of concentrated solutions is dominated by the N–H symmetric stretch ( ν 1) at 3312 cm −1 and a weaker deformation mode (2 ν 4) at 3200 cm −1. The free OH peak of water is suppressed, compared to pure water, and the hydrogen-bonded region (3000–3450 cm −1) has interference in the presence of ammonia molecules at the interface. In dilute solution, ν 1 is less intense and the free OH peak of water appears. These observations confirm the existence of an ammonia–water complex at the liquid/vapor interface.

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