Abstract
Deammonification is an established biological nitrogen removal process for dewatering liquors from anaerobic digestion.
Highlights
Studies comparing commercial deammonification technologies are limited and contradictory in places
The total nitrogen removal rates (NRR)'s varied between 0.10 kgN m−3 d−1 and 0.70 kgN m−3 d−1. This is in agreement with a full-scale deammonification process survey on 14 installations that identified that deammonification technologies had nitrogen loading rates (NLR)'s between 0.30–1.00 kgN m−3 d−1 achieving nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 70–85%,1 which corresponded to NRR's of 0.21–0.85 kgN m−3 d−1
The S-SBR had the lowest number of disruptions with 14 occasions that led to imbalances in the biological reactions
Summary
Studies comparing commercial deammonification technologies are limited and contradictory in places. The ammonia concentration of dewatering liquors from conventional AD can vary between 500–1300 mgN L−1.1,6 High ammonia concentrations in the dewatering liquors increase the load by 20% to the mainstream nitrogen removal process (i.e. activated sludge) when left untreated,[7] making sidestream technologies even more imperative to wastewater treatment.[4,5] These vary in reactor configuration (e.g., sequencing batch reactor, continuous stirred tank reactor, plug-flow) and control strategy (e.g., nitrate produced to ammonia removed, pH change over time, etc.).[1] Anammox are slow growing microorganisms.[2] This led to the development of different strategies to maintain high AMX concentrations in the biological reactor, such as the use of granular sludge AMX,[6,8] suspended sludge[9,10] and biomass attached to plastic media.[11,12] Today's most applied deammonification technology are based on single-stage reactors.[1] Another difference between the technologies is the reactor design with sequencing batch reactors,[9,10] continuous stirred tank reactors[13,14] and plug-flow reactors.[12,15]. In an anoxic laboratory scale pure anammox reactor, Jin et al (2008)[17] compared a suspended sludge SBR to an biofilm up-flow biofilter (UBF)
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