Abstract
Indium nitrate/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (In(NO3)3/PVP) composite nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning, and then hollow structure indium oxide (In2O3) nanofibers were obtained through calcination with PVP as template material. In situ polymerization was used to prepare indium oxide/polyaniline (In2O3/PANI) composite nanofibers with different mass ratios of In2O3 to aniline. The structure and morphology of In(NO3)3/PVP, In2O3/PANI composite nanofibers and pure PANI were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and current–voltage (I–V) measurements. The gas sensing properties of these materials towards NH3 vapor (100 to 1000 ppm) were measured at room temperature. The results revealed that the gas sensing abilities of In2O3/PANI composite nanofibers were better than pure PANI. In addition, the mass ratio of In2O3 to aniline and the p–n heterostructure between In2O3 and PANI influences the sensing performance of the In2O3/PANI composite nanofibers. In this paper, In2O3/PANI composite nanofibers with a mass ratio of 1:2 exhibited the highest response values, excellent selectivity, good repeatability and reversibility.
Highlights
With the development of modern industry, environmental pollution in the form of air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution has become ever more serious [1]
This study presents the improved response capabilities of gas sensors based on In2O3/ PANI composite nanofibers, which were synthesized with different ratios between In2O3 and aniline during the in situ polymerization
The gas sensors based on In2O3/PANI nanofibers exhibited a higher sensitivity than pure PANI
Summary
With the development of modern industry, environmental pollution in the form of air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution has become ever more serious [1]. This study presents the improved response capabilities of gas sensors based on In2O3/ PANI composite nanofibers, which were synthesized with different ratios between In2O3 and aniline during the in situ polymerization. To study the ammonia sensing behavior of the sensors with different ratios of In2O3 to aniline, the dynamic response of the sensors based on pure PANI and In2O3/PANI nanofibers towards different NH3 concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 ppm at room temperature were investigated.
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