Abstract
This study developed the NH3 emission factor for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) power facilities in Korea by analyzing the emission characteristics from two LNG power plants using methods such as uncertainty analysis. Also, comparing the differences in NH3 emission levels between the developed emission factors, which reflect the characteristics in Korea, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) values currently applied in Korea. The estimation showed that the NH3 emission factor for the LNG power plants was 0.0054 ton NH3/106Nm3, which is approximately nine times less than the EPA NH3 emission factor of 0.051 ton NH3/106Nm3 for LNG fuels of the industrial energy combustion sector currently applied in national statistics in Korea. The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) emission factor for LNG power plants was 0.0010 ton NH3/106Nm3, which is considerably lower than the EPA NH3 emission factor of 0.146 ton NH3/106Nm3 currently applied in national statistics in Korea for the LNG fuels of the industrial process sector. This indicated the need for developing an emission factor that incorporates the unique characteristics in Korea. The uncertainty range of the LNG stack NH3 emission factor developed in this study was ±10.91% at a 95% confidence level, while that of the SCR NH3 emission factor was –10% to +20% at a 95% confidence level, indicating a slightly higher uncertainty range than the LNG stack. At present, quantitative analysis of air pollutants is difficult because numerical values of the uncertainty are not available. However, quantitative analysis might be possible using the methods applied in this study to estimate uncertainty.
Highlights
In 2018, the fine particulate matter concentration in Korea was 24 μg/m3, which is the second highest concentration after Chile when compared to other members of the Organization for EconomicCo-operation and Development
The results showed that the NH3 emission factor for the power plant stacks was 0.0054 ton NH3 /m3, which is approximately nine times less than the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) NH3 emission factor of 0.051 ton NH3 /m3, currently applied in national statistics in Korea for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuels in the industrial energy combustion sector
The results indicated substantial differences from the U.S EPA emission factors currently applied in national statistics in Korea; an NH3 emission factor that incorporates Korean characteristics should be developed
Summary
In 2018, the fine particulate matter concentration in Korea was 24 μg/m3 , which is the second highest concentration after Chile when compared to other members of the Organization for Economic. This level was approximately two times higher than other advanced countries such as the UK, Japan, and France [1]. One reason for the increasing concentration of fine particulate matter may be the increase in secondary aerosols. The substances that are involved in the secondary generation of particulate matter include NH3 , SOx, NOx, and volatile organic compounds [2,3,4,5]. To reduce air pollutants such as particulate matter, several policies have been implemented in Korea [6,7,8]. There is insufficient research regarding the identification of the emission source or the application of the emission factor of NH3 in Korea
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