Aminophenyl Benzimidazole as a New Reagent for the Estimation of NO2/Nitrite/Nitrate at Trace Level: Application to Environmental Samples

Abstract

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air and nitrite/nitrate in water and soil samples has been developed. Nitrogen dioxide in air has been fixed as nitrite ion using alkaline sodium arsenite as absorbing medium. The method is based on the reaction of nitrite with aminophenyl benzimidazole in acid medium to form diazonium ion, which is coupled with N‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form an azo dye with an absorption maximum at 555 nm in aqueous phase. The method obeys Beer's law in the concentration range 0–10 µg of nitrite in 25 ml solution. The molar absorptivity has been found to be 6.3×104 l mol−1 cm−1. The dye can be extracted quantitatively into isoamyl alcohol under alkaline condition and the addition of methanolic hydrochloric acid restores the original dye colour. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 0–2 µg of nitrite with a detection limit of 0.009 µg. The effect of interfering species has been studied and the developed method has been applied to determine trace levels of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air and the results have been compared with the standard method. It is also applied to measure the nitrite/nitrate levels of surface and ground water samples collected from lakes, tube wells as well as soil samples.