Abstract
Amino-functionalized mesostructured cellular foam silica: a highly efficient andrecyclable catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction
Highlights
Mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica is a material with a 3-dimensional pore structure of large cells interconnected by narrower mesporous pores 1 that has been utilized in many fields such as adsorption, separation, and catalysis because of its unique pore characteristics of high surface area and large pore volume. 2,3The surface of silica-based material can be modified with functional groups such as amine, mercapto, sulfonyl, and carboxyl
MCF and MCF-NH 2 materials were investigated by nitrogen adsorption analysis and the results are shown in
MCF and MCF-NH 2 showed similar window size curve distributions with peak values of 21.8 and 16.3 nm, respectively (Figure 1c). The sizes of both cells and windows decreased after the silanization process, which provided further evidence of success amino-group functionalization over both the cells and windows of MCF material
Summary
Mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica is a material with a 3-dimensional pore structure of large cells interconnected by narrower mesporous pores 1 that has been utilized in many fields such as adsorption, separation, and catalysis because of its unique pore characteristics of high surface area and large pore volume. 2,3. The surface of silica-based material can be modified with functional groups such as amine, mercapto, sulfonyl, and carboxyl. 4,5 Among them, amino-group functionalized mesoporous silica has been widely used to modify silica-based material surface because these groups are grafted to the silica surface at a high surface density. Two major methods to modify the surface are direct cocondensation synthesis and postsynthesis grafting. Compared with the direct cocondensation synthesis method, the postsynthesis grafting method is more facile and more controlled through the coupling reactions between surface silanol groups and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. Following our research on catalysis and green synthesis, 8−12 amino-group functionalized MCF silica (MCF-NH 2 ) was prepared through the postsynthesis grafting method and utilized as the catalyst for this reaction. The reaction proceeded smoothly under mild conditions at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation with excellent yields within short times
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