Abstract
Sandal (Santalum album L) contains several interesting amino acids and amines which are not seen in other plants. This includes cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline in free form in leaves, flowers and seeds while trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in bound form. Traces of 3, 4 dehydroproline is also detected in sandal leaves. Biosynthesis of cis-4-hydroxy proline indicates that hydroxylation taken place at proline present in peptidyl form especially bound to glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Pyrrolizidine-2-carboxylic acid an interesting isatin positive heterocyclic compound is also present in sandal leaves. Sandal also contains sym. homospermidine which is not present in any other plants till today. Biosynthesis of sym. homospermidine goes by a unique pathway of putrescine oxidation, Schiff base formation, condensation and reduction. Moreover sandal leaves contain γ-glutamyl derivative of the lachrymatory precursor of onion, γ-glutamyl-S-propenyl cysteine superoxide. This review summarizes the studies on the amino acids in sandal.
Highlights
Sandal is most probably indigenous to peninsular India, though some authorities feel that it was originally imported from Timor, Indonesia
Identification of an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cis 4 hydroxy proline Earlier work by Radhakrishnan indicated that the sandal leaf extract contained a material that reacted with Ehrlich reagent
Limited evidence indicate that sandal leaves contain [3, 4] hydroxy proline in small quantities while γ-hydroxy glutamate or γ-hydroxy ornithine were absent. Sandal leaves contains another Isatin positive compound pyrrolizidine-1-carboxylate. It may not have any relation with the cis-hydroxy proline synthesis
Summary
Sandal is most probably indigenous to peninsular India, though some authorities feel that it was originally imported from Timor, Indonesia. Possible presence of precursors of cis-4 hydroxy proline, such as [3, 4] dehydroproline and γ-hydroxy glutamic acid have been checked in the leaves extract. Biosynthesis of cis-4-hydroxy proline has been studied using radioactive precursors such as proline, ornithine, glutamic acid, acetate etc.
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