Amino Acids Hydrolyzed from Animal Carcasses Are a Good Additive for the Production of Bio-organic Fertilizer

Hongjun Liu,Dandan Chen,Rong Li,Xinnan Hang,Ruifu Zhang,Qirong Shen

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01290

Abstract

High-quality bio-organic fertilizers (BIOs) cannot be produced without the addition of some proteins. In this study, compound liquid amino acids (CLAA) from animal carcasses were utilized as additives into matured composts to create novel BIOs containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The results showed that adding CLAA and inoculating bacteria meanwhile resulted in failed solid-state fermentation (SSF) due to the higher H+ contents. While after pre-compost for 4 days before PGPR inoculation, treatments of matured chicken or pig manure added with 0.2 ml g-1 of CLAA resulted in a maximum biomass of functional strains. Illumine-MiSeq sequencing and Real-Time PCR results showed that the CLAA addition decreased the bacterial abundance and richness, altered the bacterial community structure and changed the relative abundance of some microbial groups. This study offers a high value-added utilization of waste protein resources for producing economical, high-quality BIO.

Highlights

The use of large amounts of chemical fertilizer to ensure high crop yields in China has caused serious agricultural ecology and environmental issues (Silva et al, 2010; Verger and Boobis, 2013)
The objectives of this work were to evaluate whether the high H+ concentration could influence the solid-state fermentation (SSF) process, to explore an efficient SSF technology based on compound liquid amino acids (CLAA) to create a novel lowcost, high-quality bio-organic fertilizers (BIOs) and to monitor the microflora alterations associated with the new SSF process
The results showed that 20% CLAA (DW) is the best additive concentration for the novel SSF and should be added for 4 days before the inoculation of functional microbes

Summary

Introduction

The use of large amounts of chemical fertilizer to ensure high crop yields in China has caused serious agricultural ecology and environmental issues (Silva et al, 2010; Verger and Boobis, 2013). There is a need to seek environmentally sustainable agricultural practices to complement chemical-based agriculture. The application of bio-organic fertilizers (BIOs) that cannot only supply plant nutrients, and improve soil quality (Agriculture Ministry, 2004; Huang et al, 2014; Schoebitz et al, 2014), has become popular in sustainable agriculture. Due to the limitation of the available nutrients in mature composts, high-quality BIOs cannot be produced without some additional protein-containing resources, such as rapeseed meal, corn flour, soybean cake, and blue algal sludge, which have been used as additives to support the reproduction of the functional microbes (Huang et al, 2014). With the increasing price of rapeseed meal, corn flour, and soybean cake, the cost of

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