Abstract
The use of non-conventional solvent systems, such as deep eutectic solvents (DES), for biomass processing is a growing interest. DES are formed by two or more components, usually solids at room temperature, which can interact with each other via hydrogen bonding, from a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), resulting in a liquid phase. The most studied HBA in the literature is choline chloride with several HBD and their use have been extensively reviewed. However, other abundant and natural HBA can be successfully applied on the preparation of different DES, e.g., amino acids. These amino acid-based DES have been used in biomass pretreatment, providing the fractionation of the main macromolecular components by lignin solubilization. In addition, amino acid-based DES can be applied in biomass chemical conversion to obtaining platform chemicals such as furanic derivatives. Bearing this in mind, this review focuses on exploring the use of amino acid-based DES on biomass processing, from pretreatment to chemical conversion.
Highlights
The integral use of renewable feedstocks is a pivotal role to achieve truly environmentally friendly processes
In this review we presented some recent advances of amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DES) for biorefinery applications
Compared to conventional methods for biomass processing, including pretreatment and chemical conversion, deep eutectic solvents present some advantages like the easy preparation by simple mixing, the use of low-cost materials low toxicity and good solubilization of lignocellulosic biomass
Summary
The integral use of renewable feedstocks is a pivotal role to achieve truly environmentally friendly processes. DES are formed by two or more components, usually solids at room temperature, which can interact with each other via hydrogen bonding, resulting in a liquid phase.[3,4] This interaction comes from the presence of hydrogen bonding acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bonding donor (HBD) species in the system. When both components come from natural sources, the system is commonly called NADES, which stands for natural deep eutectic solvents.[5] Like ionic liquids (IL), the DES have low vapor pressure, nonflammability, and polarity according to their components.
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