Abstract
The unreacted lead iodide (PbI2) is a double-edged sword in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An appropriate amount of excess PbI2 has some positive effects on power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. However, too much excess PbI2 is detrimental to device stability and will lead to significant hysteresis effects. Here, we introduce 2-methoxyacetamidine hydrochloride (2-MEACl) as an organic ligand to restructure the excess PbI2, in situ forming a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite "patch" layer, that effectively passivates interfacial defects, optimizes the energy level alignment at the interface and significantly reduces open-circuit voltage (VOC) loss. Consequently, the PSCs optimized with 2-MEACl achieved a champion PCE of 24.12 % and an VOC of 1.158 V. Concurrently, under the ISOS-D-1 test standard, the unencapsulated device retains 93.51 % of its primordial PCE after 60 days of storage, compared to 70.05 % of the pristine device, demonstrating the significant contribution of 2D perovskite in enhancing the stability of the device.
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