American Indian Fathering in the Dakota Nation: Use of Akicita as a Fatherhood Standard

Abstract

This paper explores American Indian fathering in the Dakota nation with an emphasis on cultural accuracy. Focus groups and census data suggest father absence is a major problem and that efforts should provide positive male role models. Life course and generative fathering theories inform this discussion and fit well with Dakota culture. Factors leading to diminished male roles are discussed and empirical and applied suggestions provided. Since family setting and structure differs significantly from previous generations, adaptation is critical for fathers who wish to provide effective parenting. Historical Akicita (male warrior societies) roles of providing, protecting, and bringing honor are discussed as a model for Dakota fathering with a call for men to adopt Akicita standards in their paternal responsibilities.