Abstract
Amelogenin is a complex enamel matrix protein that consists of various molecular-size proteins and amino acids. A spliced form of amelogenin was identified that included exons 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7. However, the biological function of amelogenin exon 5 on dental pulp remains unknown. We designed a synthetic amelogenin exon 5 encoded peptide (SP), which was based on a protein produced by cells in response to the enamel matrix derivative (EMD). We investigated the effect of the SP on potentiation of osteogenesis and its signal pathway in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). DPSCs are an important cell for pulp tissue homeostasis. DPSCs were cultured with SP to examine the effect of cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We also investigated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. SP significantly enhanced cell proliferation and the expression of osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, SP promoted the expression of the MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, amelogenin exon 5 might contribute to dental pulp capping.
Highlights
There are various types of enamel matrix proteins
We showed that SP promotes cell viability in human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts [12], and promotes the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [13] and PDL stem cells [14], as well as enamel matrix derivative (EMD)
We found that the SP significantly promoted dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) proliferation at 1, 3, We examined four concentrations of the SP (0, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/mL) on DPSC cells to evaluate and 7 days (Figure 1, P < 0.05), with a concentration of 100 ng/mL generating the highest change in the optimal concentration
Summary
There are various types of enamel matrix proteins. The enamel matrix proteins exhibit a variety of isoforms, generated by mRNA splicing. Amelogenin is suspected to have at least six molecular types, and many of their biological functions remain unknown [1,2,3]. Amelogenin is synthesized by ameloblasts and is a major component of enamel matrix proteins; notably, amelogenin is an extracellular matrix protein that consists of various molecular-size proteins and amino acids. In the early stages of tooth development, amelogenin contributes to regulating mineralization in enamel and bone regeneration [4]. There are applications for amelogenin in clinical treatment, its biological functions remain unknown. Amelogenin is used in periodontal tissue engineering as an enamel matrix derivative (EMD)
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