Amelogenesis imperfecta: review and diagnosis of a case with hypoplasia and skeletal open bite

Abstract

Introduction: To present a case of a patient presenting with the hipoplastic type of amelogenesis imperfecta, a hereditary disorder that disturbs the formation of the dental enamel both in the primary and the permanent dentition resulting in poor development or complete absence of the enamel of the teeth. Discussion and conclusions: Amelogenesis imperfecta occurs in the general population in the approximate range of 1 in 14.000 to 1 in 16.000. Dental features associated with AI include: quantitative and qualitative enamel deficiencies, pulpal calcification, taurodontism and root malformations; failed tooth eruption and impaction of permanent teeth; progressive root and crown resorption; congenitally missing teeth; and anterior and posterior open bite occlusions. The disorder may create unaesthetic appearance, dental sensitivity and loss of occlusal vertical dimension. The complexity of the management of patients with AI supports the suggestion the dental profession should have appropriate methods for the rehabilitation of rare dental disorders. The treatment of patients with AI should start with early diagnosis and intervention to prevent later restorative problems.