Abstract
Chronic exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is a major cause for skin photoaging. UVB induces damage to skin mainly by oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. This paper investigated the photo-protective effects of peptides from oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) protein hydrolysates (OPs) by topical application on the skin of UVB-irradiated mice. Results from mass spectrometry showed that OPs consisted of peptides with a molecular weight range of 302.17–2936.43 Da. In vivo study demonstrated that topical application of OPs on the skin significantly alleviated moisture loss, epidermal hyperplasia, as well as degradation of collagen and elastin fibers caused by chronic UVB irradiation. In this study, OPs treatment promoted antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPH-Px) activities, while decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the skin. In addition, OPs treatment significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) content, and inhibited inflammation related (iNOS, COX-2) protein expression in the skin. Via inhibiting metalloproteinase 1(MMP1) expression, OPs treatment markedly decreased the degradation of collagen and elastin fibers as well as recovered the altered arrangement of extracellular matrix network in the dermis of skin. Our study demonstrated for the first time that OPs protected against UVB induced skin photodamage by virtue of its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as regulating the abnormal expression of MMP-1. The possible molecular mechanism underlying OPs anti-photoaging is possibly related to downregulating of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, while promoting TGF-β production in the skin.
Highlights
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the most dominant threats responsible to the skin damage.According to its wavelength, UV light can be subdivided into UVC (200–280 nm), ultraviolet B (UVB) (280–315 nm), and UVA (315–400 nm) regions
Adverse appearances of dorsal skin caused by UVB irradiation were significantly improved in mice whose skin had been treated with middle and high dose of Oyster Protein Enzymatic Hydrolysates (OPs), the effects of which were even better than the positive agent vitamin C treatment
This method of applying oyster may expression of mice. (A) Representative photographs metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the dorsal skin of mice exposed to UVB was significantly increased
Summary
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the most dominant threats responsible to the skin damage.According to its wavelength, UV light can be subdivided into UVC (200–280 nm), UVB (280–315 nm), and UVA (315–400 nm) regions. Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the most dominant threats responsible to the skin damage. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, especially directly exposed to UVA and UVB, is known to damage the structural integrity and physiological function of the skin [1]. This damage is referred collectively as skin photoaging, which is characterized by the. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 288; doi:10.3390/md18060288 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 288 development of coarse solar scars, brown spots, drying, irregular pigmentation, reduced elasticity, formation of wrinkles, and a leathery appearance [2,3,4]. Due to its high energy and short wavelength characters, UVB could pass through the epidermis and penetrate the upper part of the dermis, and it is the predominant cause for skin photoaging [5,6]
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