Abstract
Background Cisplatin is a powerful chemotherapeutic drug mainly used in the treatment of solid tumors. Aggregation of the drug in renal proximal tubule cells causes nephrotoxicity and renal failure. Investigations showed nephrotoxicity as Cisplatin's dose-limiting side effect. One of the Cisplatin toxicity mechanisms is generation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress and renal damage. The purpose of this study was evaluation of the modulating effects of Gallic acid on Cisplatin-induced variations including Caspase-3 and Clusterin expression and histopathological and biochemical parameters in adult male Wistar rats. Method Rats were kept under standard condition of temperature, light, and humidity. The animals were divided into 4 groups: GpI: control group (received distilled water for 10 days); GpII: Gallic acid (alone) (50 mg/kg bw, once a day for 10 days); GpIII: Cisplatin (alone), single dose (6 mg/kg bw, I.P. on 5th day of study); GpIV: Gallic acid (50 mg/kg bw, once a day for 10 days) and also injected with single dose of Cisplatin (6 mg/kg bw, I.P., on 5th day of study). After 10 days, all rats were anaesthetized and plasma collected to estimate urea, creatinine, and uric acid. The right kidneys were removed for the study of gene expression and biochemical parameters. The left kidneys were used for histopathological studies. Results The Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was evident from the elevated levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and renal tissue MDA and also decreased levels of SOD, CAT, GPX, and GSH in renal tissue. Administration of Gallic acid significantly modulated nephrotoxicity markers, gene expression variations, and histopathological damage. Conclusion Outcomes of the present investigation suggest that Gallic acid provides protection against CP-induced nephrotoxicity, but for application in people, further studies are needed.
Highlights
Cisplatin is a powerful chemotherapeutic drug predominantly used in the treatment of solid tumors [1].The kidney in addition to playing its role as eliminator of endogenous and exogenous waste materials, including drugs, stores some of these substances in the proximal tubular section
The effects of Gallic acid (50 mg/kg bw, orally) on Cisplatin- (6 mg/kg bw, IP) induced nephrotoxicity were evaluated by the study of plasma biochemical parameters
The nephrotoxicity effect of Cisplatin was evident from the elevated levels of plasma renal markers including P. creatinine, B. urea, and P. uric acid observed in the cis group (Figure 1)
Summary
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-II) is a powerful chemotherapeutic drug predominantly used in the treatment of solid tumors [1].The kidney in addition to playing its role as eliminator of endogenous and exogenous waste materials, including drugs, stores some of these substances in the proximal tubular section. Aggregation of the drug leads to strong toxicity in renal proximal tubule cells and causes tissue destruction, low perfusion, and renal failure [3, 4]. Aggregation of the drug in renal proximal tubule cells causes nephrotoxicity and renal failure. The purpose of this study was evaluation of the modulating effects of Gallic acid on Cisplatin-induced variations including Caspase-3 and Clusterin expression and histopathological and biochemical parameters in adult male Wistar rats. The Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was evident from the elevated levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and renal tissue MDA and decreased levels of SOD, CAT, GPX, and GSH in renal tissue. Administration of Gallic acid significantly modulated nephrotoxicity markers, gene expression variations, and histopathological damage. Outcomes of the present investigation suggest that Gallic acid provides protection against CP-induced nephrotoxicity, but for application in people, further studies are needed
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