Abstract
Simple SummaryFipronil (FPN) is an insecticide that can be used in insect control in various cereal crops in agriculture, veterinary activities, and public health management. Boswellic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpene, which is a compound isolated from Boswellia serrata gum resin. This study was designed to determine BA’s potential protective impact against oxidative and testicular damage caused by FPN insecticide poisoning on the male rat model. BA significantly improved the reproductive parameters assessed, such as the number of pregnant females, index of pregnancy and the number of litters, weights of the reproductive organ, sperm cell quality, morphological alterations of testes, epididymis, and sex glands by accessory caused by FPN oxidative stress, as well as the improvement of steroidogenesis, antioxidants, and antiapoptotic marker.The study investigated the ability of boswellic acid (BA) to alleviate the testicular and oxidative injury FPN insecticide intoxication in the male rat model. Rats were randomly assigned to six equivalent groups (six rats each) as the following: control rats orally administered with 2 mL physiological saline/kg of body weight (bwt); boswellic acid (BA1) rats orally administered 250 mg BA/kg bwt; boswellic acid (BA2) rats orally administered 500 mg BA/kg bwt; fipronil (FPN) rats orally administered 20 mg FPN/kg bwt; (FPN + BA1) rats orally administered 20 mg FPN/kg bwt plus 250 mg BA/kg bwt, and (FPN + BA2) rats orally administered 20 mg FPN/kg bwt plus 500 mg BA/kg bwt. After 60 days, semen viability percentage and live spermatozoa percentage were decreased, and a considerably increased abnormality of the sperm cells in FPN-administered rats improved substantially with the co-administration of BA. BA had refinement of the histological architecture of testes and sexual glands. Quantitative analysis recorded a noticeable decline in the nuclear cell-proliferating antigen (PCNA) percentage area. FPN triggered cell damage, which was suggested by elevated malondialdehyde and interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factors alpha, and decreased glutathione level. Proapoptotic factor overexpression is mediated by FPN administration, while it decreased the antiapoptotic protein expression. Similarly, BA has shown significant upregulation in steroidogenic and fertility-related gene expression concerning the FPN group. Pathophysiological damages induced by FPN could be alleviated by BA’s antioxidant ability and antiapoptotic factor alongside the upregulation of steroidogenic and fertility-related genes and regimented the detrimental effects of FPN on antioxidant and pro-inflammatory biomarkers.
Highlights
Fipronil (FPN) is an N-phenyl-pyrazole insecticide with a wide range and can be used in insect control in various cereal crops in agriculture, veterinary activities, and public health management [1]
The number of pregnant females and pregnancy index (%) was highest in the control and boswellic acid (BA) groups. It decreased in both groups given FBN and BA (250 mg and 500 mg) and the lowest was recorded in the FBN group
The results showed that FPN-administered rats showed a significant downregulation in steroidogenic and fertility-related gene expression, including CYP17A1 and cytochrome P450 17A1, KISS1, kisspeptin, STAR, Cyp11a1, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme mRNA (P450SCC) Hsd3b1, 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta-5-delta-4 isomerase type I, Cyp19, and cytochrome P450 aromatase compared with other administered groups and the control one
Summary
Fipronil (FPN) is an N-phenyl-pyrazole insecticide with a wide range and can be used in insect control in various cereal crops in agriculture, veterinary activities, and public health management [1]. FPN is an insect neurotoxin agent, and the critical mechanism is active when the GABA-regulated chloride channels are blocked, causing depression and death in the central nervous system [2]. Insecticide toxicity is well known to have multiple consequences; creating oxidative injury is a high concept due to reactive oxygen species [4]. Extensive use of these insecticides in agriculture and residential settings causes chronic neurological syndromes, teratogenicity, male reproductive failure, fetal growth retardation, embryo fetotoxicity, and genotoxicity [5]. The excess output of reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress that decreases sperm fertility [7]
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