Abstract
Background: 1,1,2-Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an important organic solvent which is widespread in the environment. Work place exposure to TCE has been associated adverse effects in many organs including kidney. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that can overcome oxidative stress. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to examine the role of vitamin E against destructive effects of TCE on rat kidney. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of equal number in each. The rats in group I were the controls received vehicle only. Animals in groups III, V and VII received intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of corn oil. Rats in groups of II, IV, and VI were received vitamin E at a dose of 200 mg/kg; 30 minutes later, animals were received TCE (i.p) at doses of 1000 mg/kg (groups II and III), 1500 mg/kg (groups of IV and V), and 2000 mg/kg (groups of VI and VII) respectively. The experiment repeated for 7 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after last administration, animals were killed with overdose of sodium pentobarbital. Blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). One part of the kidney tissues were excised for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Another part were excised for histopathological estimation. Results: TCE induced a dose-dependent elevation in BUN, Cr, MDA and markedly decreased GSH level when compared to those in control rats. TCE-induced dose-dependent injury in rat kidney tissue. Vitamin E significantly decreased BUN, Cr, MDA and increased GSH levels and protected kidney damage in TCE treated animals. Conclusions: The observations suggest that vitamin E may have a protective effect against TCE-induced oxidative stress in the rat kidney.
Highlights
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a volatile, colorless, inflammable organic solvent with sweet smell like that of chloroform
The observations suggest that vitamin E may have a protective effect against
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: In an experimental study, we found that vitamin E as an antioxidant agent protects kidney against 1,1,2-trichloroethylene (TCE) induced nephrotoxicity
Summary
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a volatile, colorless, inflammable organic solvent with sweet smell like that of chloroform. TCE is widely used as one of the most common organic solvents in petroleum extraction industries, laundries, degreasing and cleaning of metal components [1,2] This substance affects directly people occupationally exposed to it and indirectly, through contamination of the environment, people using surface water sources ( 1,2). Siddiqi et al reported that pretreatment with hesperidin as an antioxidant agent considerably reduced lipid peroxidation, elevation of oxidative enzymes level, blood urea and Cr concentrations in rats exposed to TCE. These results indicate that hesperidin can function as a protective agent against TCE caused nephrotoxicity [12]. Zhu et al showed that vitamin E could effectively prevent cytotoxicity caused by TCE in human skin keratinocytes through inhibition of superoxide and increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes [16].To our knowledge the effects of vitamin E on TCE produced nephrotoxicity has not been reported previously
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