Abstract
Background: Trevo is a nutritional supplement with numerous bioactive natural products, with detoxifying and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of Trévo to protect against oxidative stress induced by lead in the kidneys of male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-five healthy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of seven rats each, using a randomized design. I=control; II=15 mg/kg of lead acetate (PbA); III=2 ml/kg of trevo+PbA; IV=5 ml/kg of trevo+PbA; V=5 ml/kg of trevo. Animals were treated with trevo for five days before co-administration with lead intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days. Animals were sacrificed 24hr after the last administration, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture, and processed for assessment of urea, creatinine, and uric acid (UA), while the kidney samples were excised and processed for the following biochemical assays: Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Reduced Glutathione (GSH). Results: Injection of PbA caused a significant increase in the serum levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid, and a significant increase (P<0.001) in the MDA concentration, and decreases in GSH concentration, CAT, SOD, and GST activities (P<0.05) as compared to the controls. Pretreatment with trevo prevented the oxidative stress induced by lead acetate in the kidney tissue samples and improve the renal function. The protective effect was evident at 5 ml/kg of trevo. Conclusion: The results showed that trevo was nephroprotective against lead toxicity and the activity might be linked to the presence of numerous antioxidant phytochemicals present in trevo.
Highlights
T he ubiquitous nature of lead has made it one of the most studied heavy metals
This study investigated the nephroprotective effect of trévo following lead acetate exposure in rats
The results of the current study showed that the administration of lead acetate caused a significant decrease in the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, confirming its oxidative effect, which was consistent with the observations of earlier studies [42, 43]
Summary
T he ubiquitous nature of lead has made it one of the most studied heavy metals. Human activities have further increased the concentration of lead in the atmosphere [1,2,3]. Industrial growth in automobiles, electrical, agricultural, and construction industries contribute to the observed increased concentration of lead in the environment [1]. The toxic effects of lead have been reported in the organs of experimental animals [4,5,6]. Kidneys are prone to the toxic effect of lead, since they play an important role in its excretion [4, 11, 12]. The presence of non-enzymatic proteins with high affinities for lead in the kidneys increases their susceptibility to its toxicity [14, 15]. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of Trévo to protect against oxidative stress induced by lead in the kidneys of male Wistar rats
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