Ameliorative Effect of Punica Granatum on Histological Integrity of Sertoli Cells and Leydig Cells in Rats with Exposure to Radio Electromagnetic Radiation

Abstract

Nowadays, infertility is a global problem; it affects 15% of couples worldwide. Male infertility can be attributed to an array of mobile phone (MP) radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). The purpose of this study is to explore the capability of pomegranate juice (PJ) extract in protecting rat testis against the impairment caused by RF-EMR. To evaluate the effect of Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation and efficacy of Pomegranate juice on the structural integrity of Sertoli cells and interstitial cells of Leydig. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were split into five groups (n = 6/group) such as control - I; RF-EMR - II; RF-EMR + PJ - III; RF-EMR Recovery - IV; Pomegranate juice - V. Histological integrity of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells were found in 4G MP RF-EMR exposed rats when compared to group I. Seminiferous tubules (STs) showed the winding of interstitial spaces and an overall reduction in their size. Sertoli cells were resting irregularly. Leydig cells are darkly stained nuclei, vascular nuclei, and acidophilic vacuolated cytoplasm containing tiny lipid droplets. The co-administration of pomegranate juice showed improvement in STs was normal in shape. Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells rest on an intact basement membrane. Sertoli cells appeared as tall cells between spermatogenic cells with prominent nuclei compared to RF-EMR group II. Exposure to 4G MP RF-EMR causes Histo-morphological changes (damage) of Sertoli and Leydig cells. However, co-administration of pomegranate juice acts as an agent against the 4G MP RF-EMR induced alterations.